{"id":49991,"date":"2021-09-01T10:46:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T11:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/2020\/02\/como-e-que-os-golfinhos-dormem-e-respiram\/"},"modified":"2022-12-07T12:31:24","modified_gmt":"2022-12-07T13:31:24","slug":"como-e-que-os-golfinhos-dormem-e-respiram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/como-e-que-os-golfinhos-dormem-e-respiram\/?lang=pt-pt","title":{"rendered":"Como \u00e9 que os golfinhos dormem e respiram?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>Neste artigo vamos responder a algumas quest\u00f5es frequentes que nos fazem sobre golfinhos.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9 conhecida a exist\u00eancia de 44 esp\u00e9cies diferentes de golfinhos no mundo inteiro. 38 esp\u00e9cies oce\u00e2nicas, as mais conhecidas, e 5 de \u00e1gua doce ou salobra (Klinowska et al , 1991).<\/p>\n<p>Os golfinhos dividem-se em cinco fam\u00edlias diferentes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Delphinidae (golfinhos oce\u00e2nicos)<\/li>\n<li>Platanistidae (golfinhos do rio Indus e Ganges)<\/li>\n<li>Iniidae (golfinhos do rio Amaz\u00f3nia)<\/li>\n<li>Pontoporiidae (golfinhos do rio La Plata)<\/li>\n<li>Lipotidae (golfinhos do rio Baiji, tamb\u00e9m conhecido como golfinhos chineses de \u00e1gua doce)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/1-8.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/1-8.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"524\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"810\" data-original-width=\"987\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">36 das 38 esp\u00e9cies de golfinhos mais conhecidas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<p>No arquip\u00e9lago dos A\u00e7ores, j\u00e1 foram vistas <strong>11 esp\u00e9cies diferentes de golfinhos<\/strong>. Tr\u00eas destas esp\u00e9cies podem ser&nbsp;avistadas&nbsp;durante todo o ano: Golfinhos roazes, golfinhos comuns e golfinhos de Risso.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2-8.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2-8.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"500\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"500\" data-original-width=\"640\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/3-8.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/3-8.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"427\" data-original-width=\"640\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4-7.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/4-7.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"600\" data-original-width=\"900\"><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 id=\"como-respiram-os-golfinhos\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Como respiram os golfinhos?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Os golfinhos s\u00e3o mam\u00edferos o que significa que precisam de vir \u00e0 superf\u00edcie para respirar e colocar oxig\u00e9nio nos pulm\u00f5es. N\u00e3o conseguem respirar debaixo de \u00e1gua porque n\u00e3o t\u00eam guelras.<\/p>\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/5-4-1024x598.png\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/5-4-1024x598.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"372\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"934\" data-original-width=\"1600\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.8px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Anatomia de um golfinho (Wikipedia, informa\u00e7\u00e3o recolhida em novembro de 2019).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Eles respiram atrav\u00e9s do&nbsp;espir\u00e1culo,&nbsp;que funciona como uma narina e se encontra no topo da cabe\u00e7a. Quando os golfinhos respiram o ar vai diretamente para os seus pulm\u00f5es. Inspirar e expirar demora apenas uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o de segundo e respiram 2 a 3 vezes por minuto&nbsp;(Ponganis et al, 2003).<\/p>\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6-7-1024x652.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/6-7-1024x652.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"406\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1019\" data-original-width=\"1600\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Golfinho a respirar \u00e0 superf\u00edcie com o espir\u00e1culo (foto de Mariana Silva)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<p>Se \u00e9 mergulhador, o mais prov\u00e1vel \u00e9 j\u00e1 ter ouvido falar das consequ\u00eancias negativas resultantes da descompress\u00e3o. Quando os mergulhadores emergem demasiado r\u00e1pido, o nitrog\u00e9nio na corrente sangu\u00ednea forma bolhas e pode provocar dores musculares, paralisia e em alguns casos, a morte. Isto \u00e9 um grande risco para os humanos, mas n\u00e3o para os golfinhos!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Os golfinhos quando mergulham reduzem a sua necessidade de oxig\u00e9nio, o batimento card\u00edaco diminui e o sangue corre mais lentamente pelo corpo (Cozzi et al., 2017). Durante um mergulho profundo apenas \u00f3rg\u00e3os importantes como o c\u00e9rebro e o cora\u00e7\u00e3o recebem sangue rico em oxig\u00e9nio. H\u00e1 evid\u00eancias de que os golfinhos conseguem controlar o ritmo card\u00edaco e o volume de sangue por minuto que \u00e9 bombeado pelo cora\u00e7\u00e3o&nbsp;(Cotten et al, 2008).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Os mam\u00edferos marinhos t\u00eam duas zonas pulmonares: uma cheia com ar e a outra colapsada. Investigadores acreditam que o sangue flui principalmente na segunda e por isso os golfinhos conseguem controlar a quantidade de nitrog\u00e9nio que flui na sua corrente sangu\u00ednea e evitar problemas de descompress\u00e3o&nbsp;(Cotten et al, 2008).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Os humanos respiram de forma involunt\u00e1ria. N\u00f3s continuamos a respirar mesmo quando estamos inconscientes. J\u00e1 os golfinhos respiram de forma volunt\u00e1ria e tomam a decis\u00e3o consciente de quando inalar o ar. Por isto, os golfinhos nunca adormecem por completo. O c\u00e9rebro deles tem de se manter ativo para que possam respirar. Vamos agora ver como os golfinhos descansam&#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3 id=\"como-dormem-e-descansam-os-golfinhos\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Como dormem e descansam os golfinhos?<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Esta \u00e9 uma das perguntas mais frequentes durante as nossas viagens. Como j\u00e1 referido acima eles precisam de estar num estado consciente para conseguir respirar. Um estudo feito a alguns golfinhos roazes (<i>Tursiops truncatus<\/i>) em cativeiro mostrou que quando estes dormem, um dos hemisf\u00e9rios cerebrais est\u00e1 ativo enquanto o outro est\u00e1 em sono profundo, tamb\u00e9m conhecido como sono de baixa frequ\u00eancia cerebral. Isto \u00e9 conhecido como sono uni-hemisf\u00e9rico (Mukhametov et al., 1997; Oleksenko et al., 2002). Durante este acontecimento o olho oposto ao hemisf\u00e9rio cerebral ativo encontra-se aberto&nbsp;(Mukhametov et al, 1997).<\/p>\n<p>Durante algum tempo acreditou-se que o sono uni-hemisf\u00e9rico se devia \u00e0 necessidade constante dos golfinhos estarem \u00e0 superf\u00edcie para respirar, mas isto pode ser um mecanismo de defesa contra predadores.<\/p>\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" href=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7-6.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/whalewatchingazores.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/7-6.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"348\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"348\" data-original-width=\"640\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.8px;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Eletroencefal\u00f3grafo mostra os dois hemisf\u00e9rios cerebrais de um golfinho. Conseguimos ver quando um dos lados se encontra ativo e o outro adormecido (Mukhametov LM et al, 1997).<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><em>Escrito por Mar\u00eda Huam\u00e1n Ben\u00edtez<\/em><\/div>\n<div>\n<h3 id=\"bibliografia\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Bibliografia<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Bruno Cozzi, Stefan Huggenberger, Helmut Oelschl\u00e4ger (2017). Diving: Breathing, Respiration, and the Circulatory System. Anatomy of Dolphins, 91-131.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Cotten PB, Piscitelli MA, McLellan WA, Rommel SA, Dearolf JL, Pabst DA. (2008) The gross morphology and histochemistry of respiratory muscles in bottlenose dolphins, <em>Tursiops truncatus<\/em>. J Morphol. 269(12):1520\u20131538.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Klinowska, M. 1991. Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. IUCN &#8211; The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 429 pp.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Mukhametov LM, Oleksenko AI, Polyakova (1988) IG. Quantification of ECoG stages of sleep in the bottlenose dolphin. Neurophysiology.20:398\u2013403.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Oleksenko AI, Mukhametov LM, Polyakova IG, Supin AY, Kovalzon VM.(1992) Unihemispheric sleep deprivation in bottlenose dolphins. J Sleep Res.1:40\u20134.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\">Ponganis, P. J., Kooyman, G. L. and Ridgway, S. H. (2003). Comparative diving physiology. In Bennett and Elliott\u2019s Physiology and Medicine of Diving (ed. A. Brubakk and T. S. Neuman), pp. 211-226. Edinburgh: Saunders Ltd.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\"><b>Webliography&nbsp;<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/us.whales.org\/whales-dolphins\/how-do-whales-and-dolphins-breathe\/\">https:\/\/us.whales.org\/whales-dolphins\/how-do-whales-and-dolphins-breathe\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dolphin4life.weebly.com\/repiration.html\">https:\/\/dolphin4life.weebly.com\/repiration.html<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Neste artigo vamos responder a algumas quest\u00f5es frequentes que nos fazem sobre golfinhos. \u00c9 conhecida a exist\u00eancia de&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":49994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[316,328],"tags":[8,17,18,14,5,12],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como \u00e9 que os golfinhos dormem e respiram? 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